Vicente do Rego Monteiro (Recife, PE, 1899 – Recife, PE, 1970) was a Brazilian painter, sculptor, illustrator, and graphic artist. He began his artistic studies in 1908, attending classes at the National School of Fine Arts (Enba) in Rio de Janeiro alongside his sister, Fedora do Rego Monteiro. In 1911, he moved to France, where he studied at the Colarossi, Julian, and La Grande Chaumière Academies. He participated in the Salon des Indépendants in 1913, becoming a member of the society.

During his time in Paris, Vicente connected with prominent figures such as Amedeo Modigliani, Fernand Léger, Georges Braque, and other avant-garde artists. With the onset of World War I, he returned to Brazil in 1915 and settled in Rio de Janeiro. He held his first solo exhibition in 1918 at the Teatro Santa Isabel in Recife, and in 1920, he began studying Marajoara art at the National Museum of Quinta da Boa Vista.

Vicente played a significant role in the Modern Art Week of 1922, leaving a lasting impact on Brazilian modern art. In addition to his visual art, he also made notable contributions to literature, publishing poetry and organizing art and poetry events in both Brazil and France. Upon returning to Brazil in 1957, he taught painting at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) and the University of Brasília (UnB). His extensive contributions to Brazilian art and culture have secured his place as a central figure in the nation's modern art history.